Potential of Fruits and Vegetable By-Products as an Alternative Feed Source for Sustainable Ruminant Nutrition and Production: A Review

The agro-food industry produces tons of waste at different stages in the food production process, creating a massive ecological crisis. If implemented, use fruit and vegetable by-products (FVBPs) animal nutrition has potential to lessen environmental footprint chain, lower feeding costs, improve quality sustainability products. Recent research on inclusion FVBPs, naturally enriched with polyphenols, diets small large ruminants shown some promising outcomes, which we discuss this review. effects FVBPs digestion, rumen fermentation, methane emissions, liquor fatty acid profile, milk are examined. Due chemical composition presence certain bioactive compounds, capable influencing ruminal intestinal ecosystem through improved kinetics fermentation. Several vivo studies have demonstrated that dietary resulted without any negative effect performance. Using as an alternative conventional feedstuffs may promote sustainable nutrition. However, it must be stressed efficacy these feed supplements is conditional source, kind, quantity employed.